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Sir Raphael "Roy" Welensky, KCMG (20 January 1907 – 5 December 1991) was a Northern Rhodesian politician and the second and last prime minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Born in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) to an Afrikaner mother and a Lithuanian Jewish father, he moved to Northern Rhodesia, became involved with the trade unions, and entered the colonial legislative council in 1938. There, he campaigned for the amalgamation of Northern and Southern Rhodesia (the latter under white self-government, the former under the colonial office). Although unsuccessful, he succeeded in the formation of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, a state within the British Empire that sought to retain predominant power for the white minority while moving in a progressive political direction, in contrast to apartheid South Africa. Becoming Prime Minister of the Federation in 1957, Welensky opposed British moves towards black majority rule, and used force to suppress politically motivated violence in the territories. After the advent of black rule in two of the Federation's three territories (Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, now Zambia and Malawi respectively), it collapsed in 1963. Welensky retired to Salisbury, where he re-entered politics and attempted to stop Rhodesia (formerly Southern Rhodesia) from unilaterally declaring itself independent. With the end of white rule in 1979, and the independence of Rhodesia as Zimbabwe under Robert Mugabe in 1980, Welensky moved to England, where he died in 1991. A fervent admirer of Britain and the Empire, Welensky described himself as "half Jewish, half Afrikaner () 100% British".〔Lowry, Donal (May 2003). ''The crown, empire loyalism and the assimilation of non-British white subjects in the British world: An argument against ethnic determinism''. ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'', pp. 31–32.〕 ==Youth== Raphael Welensky was born in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. His father was of Lithuanian Jewish origin, hailing from a village near Wilno (today Vilnius), who settled in Southern Rhodesia after first emigrating to the United States and then South Africa. His mother was a ninth-generation Afrikaner of Dutch ancestry.〔"Sir Roy Welensky", ''Encyclopedia of World Biography'', 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.〕 His parents, for whom Raphael or "Roy" was the 13th child, kept a "poor white" boarding house.〔Cross, Colin ''The Fall of the British Empire'' London Book Club Associates 1968 p.95〕 Welensky's mother died when he was 11, being treated by Godfrey Huggins, a doctor who was later to become the Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia.〔Connell, John, ''Welensky'' (1964), pp. 13–15〕 Although not of British ancestry, Welensky was intensely pro-British, a distinctive sentiment among Rhodesians. John Connell, in his foreword to Welensky's book ''4000 Days'', wrote: "Welensky, who had not a drop of British blood in his veins, shared this pride and loyalty (Britain ) to the full."〔 After leaving school at the age of 14, Welensky found employment with Rhodesia Railways as a fireman, while putting his physical strength to work as a boxer. He rose through the ranks of Rhodesia Railways to become a locomotive enginedriver〔Nyarota, Geoff. (''Serious politics, educated elite and related matters'' ), ''Zimbabwe Situation''. Accessed 7 March 2007.〕 and became involved in the trade union movement, joining the Rhodesian Railway Workers' Union.〔 After participating in the unsuccessful 1929 Rhodesian Railways strike Welensky was moved by management to Broken Hill, the main base of the railways in Northern Rhodesia. In 1933 he became Chairman of the Broken Hill branch of the union, and was appointed to the National Council. While working on the railways, he became the professional heavyweight boxing champion of Southern Rhodesia at 19 and held the position until he was 21. During this time, Welensky met his first wife, Elizabeth Henderson, who was working at a cafe in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia at the time. They married after a two-year courtship.〔(''Royboy'' ) (27 April 1962), ''Time Magazine''. Accessed 21 May 2007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roy Welensky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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